Keywords
college admission
collegiate athletics
sexual harassment
public school
Title IX
How to Cite
Abstract
This paper is a review of recent literature of the trends and advances of the impact made over the past 40 years of Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and the Title IX Regulations of 1975. The law highlights three of the areas that Title IX covers pertaining to college admissions, collegiate athletics, sexual harassment and bullying on campuses. This includes basic provisions of the law, the Title IX Coordinator, policies and procedures and recommendations in providing an educational environment free of sex discrimination.
How to cite:
Evenstad, J. P. (2013). An update on Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments: Admissions, athletics, sexual harassment, and bullying in higher education. Cuaderno de Investigación en la Educación, 28, 168-184. Retrieved from https://revistas.upr.edu/index.php/educacion/article/view/13578
References
Adams, J., Kotke, J., & Padgitt, J. (1983). Sexual harassment of university students. Journal of College Student Personnel, 24, 484-490.
Bailey, N., & Richards, M. (1985, August). Tarnishing the ivory tower: Sexual harassment in graduate training programs in psychology. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA.
Corbett. C., Hill, C., & St. Rose, A. (2008). Where the girls are: The facts about gender equity in education. Washington, DC: AAUW Education Foundation.
Costella, C. B. (2012). Increasing opportunities for low-income women and student parents in science, technology, engineering, and math at community colleges. Washington, DC: Institute for Women‘s Policy Research.
DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B. D., & Smith, J. C. (2011). U. S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports. Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States. Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office.
Dziech, B., & Weiner, L. (1984). The lecherous professor. Boston: Beacon Press.
Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2011). Bullying in North American schools (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools, 503 U.S. 60 (1992).
Hanson, K., Guilfy, V., & Pillai, S. (2009). More than Title IX: How equity in education has shaped the nation. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.
Hill, C. & Silva, E. (2005). Drawing the line: Sexual harassment on campus. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women Educational Foundation.
Hogshead-Makar, N. & Zimbalist, A. (2007). Equal Play: Title IX and social change. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Hollis, L. (2012). Bullying in the Ivory Tower: How aggression and incivility erode American Education. New York, NY: Penguin Group Patricia Berkley.
MacKinnon, C. (1979). Sexual harassment of working women: A case of sex discrimination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Maatz, L., & Graves, F. G. (2012). Title IX at 40: Working to Ensure Gender Equity in Education. Washington, DC: National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education (NCWGE).
Meriter Savings Bank v. Vinson U.S 84 (1979) http://employment.uslegal.com/sexual-harassment/history/meritor-savings-bank-v-vinson.
Nash, M. A., Klein, S. S., Bitters, B., Howe, W., Hobbs, S., Shevitz, L., Wharton, L., & Smeal, E. (2007). The role of government in advancing gender equity in education. In Klein, S. S. , Richardson, B., Grayson, D., Fox, L. H., Kramarae, C., Pollard, D. S., & Saywer, C. A. (Eds.), Handbook for achieving gender equity through education (2nd ed., pp. 63-101). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ross, T., Kena, G., Rathbun, A., Kewal Ramani, A., Zhang, J., Kristapovich, P., & Manning, E. (2012). Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study (NCES 2012-046). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Sandler,B. (2002). "Too strong for a women" The five words that created Title IX. In The Jossey-Bass Reader on Gender in Education (2-11). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights. (1998). Title IX and Sex Discrimination Revised August 1998. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/tix_dis.html
U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Right (2001). Revised Sexual Harassment Guidance: Harassment of students, by school employees, other students, or third parties Title IX. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/shguide.html
U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. (2010, October). Dear Colleague Letter on Bullying and Harassment. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201010.pdf
U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Right. (2012). Title IX Enforcement Highlights. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/documents/press-releases/title-ix-enforcement.pdf
Women‘s Sports Foundation. (2012). A Title IX Primer. Retrieved from http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/advocate/title-ix-and-issues/what-is-title-ix/title-ix-primer
Wulf, S. A brief history of Title IX (3-30-12). Retrieved from http://www.fitsugar.com/Brief-History-Title-IX
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2013 Cuaderno de Investigación en la Educación