Keywords
professional counselor
university students
social anxiety
skills
social anxiety disorder
university students
social anxiety
skills
social anxiety disorder
How to Cite
Rodríguez-Pérez, M. (2019). The skills of the professional college counselors in the recognition and intervention of social anxiety disorder. Revista De Educación De Puerto Rico (REduca), 2(2), 1–23. Retrieved from https://revistas.upr.edu/index.php/educacion/article/view/17547
Abstract
Counseling professionals are considered mental health professionals, so it is fundamental to conduct research, particularly among those who work in the university setting, about their knowledge on mental disorders. Therefore, this research, which is descriptive in nature, aimed to describe what counseling professionals of university settings know about social anxiety disorder and its impact on the university students. The sample consisted of 32 professional counselors from two university systems of Puerto Rico. An online questionnaire designed by the researcher was used, and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data revealed areas of strength in general knowledge about the selected condition, moderate knowledge about the impact on those who suffer, and limited skill in initial intervention. The findings suggest the need to design appropriate trainings to improve the knowledge that counseling professionals who work in university settings have about mental health conditions for the benefit of the students.
References
American Psychiatric Association, APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5a. ed.). Arlington, VA: Autor.
Austin, B. D. (2003). Social anxiety, shyness and perceived social self-efficacy in college students (Disertación doctoral. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Disponible en ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis. (UMI Number: 3097295).
Beamish, P. (2005). Introduction to the Special Section - Severe and persistent mental illness on college campuses: considerations for service provision. Journal of College Counseling, 8(2), 138-139. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2005.tb00080.x
Bishop, J. B. (2006). College and university counseling centers: Question in search of answers. Journal of College Counseling, 9(1), 6-19.
Bolsoni-Silva & Loureiro, S. R. (2014). The role of social skill in social anxiety of university students. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 24(58), 223-232. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272458201410
Brook, C. A. & Willoughby, T. (2015). The social ties that bind: Social anxiety and academic achievement across the university years. Journal Youth Adolescence, 44(5), 1139-1152. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0262-8
Bryant, B. & Trower, P. E. (1974). Social difficulty in a student sample. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 44(1), 13-21. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1974.tb00761.x
Caéz, K. L., Sayers, S. K. & Martínez-Taboas, A. (2013). Validación del Instrumento de Fobia Social (IFS) en una muestra de personas con trastorno de ansiedad social en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 24(2), 1-11.
Campbell, C., Bierman, K. & Molenaar, P. (2016). Individual day to day process of social anxiety college students. Applied Development Science, 20(1), 1-15. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2015.1026594
Connor, K. M., Davidson, J., Sutherland, S. & Weisler, R. (1999). Social phobia: Issues in assessment and management. Epilepsia, 40(6), 560-565. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00935.x
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publication.
Curtis, R. C., Kimball, A. & Stroup, E. L. (2004). Understanding and treating social phobia. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(1), 3-9. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00279.x
Dailey, S., Gill, C., Karl, S. L. & Barrio-Minton, C. (2014). DSM-5: Learning companion for counselors. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Díaz, C. (2015). Ansiedad y fobia social: Causas y tratamiento [Suplemento de psiquiatría]. Galenus, 23(2). Recuperado de http://www.galenusrevista.com/?Ansiedad-y-fobia-social-Causas-y
García-López, L. J. (2000). Un estudio de la eficacia entre tres modalidades de tratamiento para la población adolescente con fobia social (Disertación doctoral). Universidad de Murcia, España. Recuperado de http://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/11007/GarciaLopez.pdf?sequence
García-López, L. J., Salvador, M. & De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Assessment of social anxiety in adolescents. En K. Ranta, A. M. La Greca, L. J. Garcia-Lopez & M. Marttuenen (Eds.), Social anxiety and phobia in adolescents: Development, manifestation and intervention strategies (121-150). Suiza: Springer International Publishing. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_6
Ghezelbash, S., Rahmani, F., Peyrovi, H. & Inaloo, M. (2015). Social anxiety in nursing students of Teheran University of Medical Sciences. Research and Development in Medical Education, 4(1), 85-90. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.15171/rdme.2015.014
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández, C. & Baptista, P. (2015). Metodología de la investigación (6a. ed.). México: McGraw-Hill.
Ivey, A. E., Bradford, M. & Zalaquett, C. P. (2014). Intentional interviewing and counseling: Facilitating client development in multicultural society (8a. ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Jiménez-Chafey, M. I., Serra, J. & Irizarry-Robles, C. (2013). University mental health professionals in Puerto Rico: Suicide experiences, attitudes, practices and intervention skill. Journal of College Students Psychotherapy, 27(3), 238-253. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2013.798225
King, J. (2014). Assessment and diagnosis of anxiety, somatic symptom and related disorders. Counseling Today, 56(12), 12-15.
Lampe, L. A. (2000). Social phobia: A review of recent research trends. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 13(2), 149-155.
Leigh, E. & Clark, D. M. (2015). Cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A development case series. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(1), 1-17. Recuperado de https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1352465815000715
Lorenzano, C. (2004). La estructura del conocimiento práctico. Revista de Filosofía, 29(2), 40-61. Recuperado de http://www.academia.edu/4427571/La_estructura_del_conocimiento_practico
Martínez-Taboas, A. & Bernal, G. (2014). Estudio de casos clínicos (Eds.). San Juan, PR: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Melgar, R. (2010). Gnoseología, teoría del conocimiento. Recuperado de http://www.librosoterico.com/biblioteca/metafisica/GNOSEOLOGIA.pdf
Morales, E. (2011). La ansiedad social en el ámbito universitario. Revista Griot. 4(1), 35-48. Recuperado de http://revistas.upr.edu/index.php/griot/article/download/1870/1662
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, NCCMH. (2013). Social anxiety disorder: Recognition, assessment and treatment. National Clinical Guideline Number 159. Leicester, GB: The British Psychological Society & The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK266258/
Nordstrom, A. H., Swenson, L. M. & Heister, M. (2014). The effect of social anxiety and self-esteem on college adjustment, academics, and retention. Journal of College Counseling, 17(1), 48-63. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2014.00047.x
Olivares, J. (2011). Catorce años de intervención en adolescentes con fobia social (1997-2011). Información Psicológica, 102, 90-109.
Olivares, J., Caballo, V., García-López, L. J., Rosa-Alcázar, A. & López-Gillonet, C. (2003). Una revisión de los estudios epistemológicos sobre fobia social en la población infantil, adolescente y adulta. Psicología Conductual, 11(3), 405-427. Recuperado de http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266339869
Olivares, J., Olivares, P., Rosa-Alcázar, A. (2012). Ventajas de la detección temprana como estrategia para tratar la fobia social. Recuperado de http://www.infocop.es/view_article.asp?id=4006&cat=38
Padilla Rodríguez, D. (2009). Estudio de las funciones que llevan a cabo los consejeros profesionales del nivel secundario del Departamento de Educación de Puerto Rico (Tesis de maestría inédita). Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Purdon, C., Antony, M., Monteiro, S. & Swinson, R. P. (2001). Social anxiety in college students. Anxiety Disorders, 15(3), 203-215. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(01)00059-7
Quiñones, A. (2013). Encuesta de necesidades de consejeros profesionales post-secundarios. Recuperado de http://es.surveymonkey.com/s/TLBP23H
Sandín, B. (1997). Ansiedad, miedos y fobias en niños y adolescentes. Madrid, España: Editoral Dykinson.
Santiago, E. (2008). Validación de un modelo de capacitación sobre el conocimiento, las actitudes y las destrezas de los consejeros(as) profesionales escolares del nivel secundario en la prevención de comportamiento de alto riesgo suicida en adolescentes. (Disertación doctoral inédita). Universidad Interamericana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Serra, J. (2010). Aspectos psicosociales y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Cuaderno de Investigación en la Educación, 25, 75-89.
Sharkin, B. & Coulter, L. (2005). Empirically supporting the increasing severity of college counseling center client problems: Why is so challenging? Journal of College Counseling, 8(2), 165-171. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2005.tb00083.x
Strahan, E. Y. (2003). The effect of social anxiety and social skill on academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(2), 347-366. Disponible en https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00049-1
Strohmer, D., Biggs, D., Haase, R. & Purcell, M. (1983). Training counselor to work with disabled clients: Cognitive and affective components. Counselor Education & Supervision, 23(2), 132-139.
Tosevki, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P. & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(1), 48-52. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625
Vassipoulos, S. & Brouzo, A. (2012). A pilot person-centered group counseling for university students: Effect on social anxiety and self-esteem. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 9(3), 222-239. Disponible en https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236659566_A_pilot_person-centred_group_counselling_for_university_students_Effects_on_social_anxiety_and_self-esteem
Walker, J. R. & Stein, M. B. (1995). Epidemiology. En M. B. Stein (Ed.), Social phobia: Clinical and research perspectives (pp. 43-75). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Watson, J. C. (2013a). Rethinking the provision of counseling services: A paradigm shift for college counselors [Editorial]. Journal of College Counseling, 16(1), 3-5. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2013.00022.x
Watson, J. C. (2013b). The changing face of college counseling: New services for a new campus population [Editorial]. Journal of College Counseling, 16(2), 99-101. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2013.00029.x
Witteman, C., Weiss, D. J. & Metzmaeher, M. (2012). Assessing diagnosis expertise of counselor using the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau (CWS) Index. Journal of Counseling and Development, 90, 30-34. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00005.x
Austin, B. D. (2003). Social anxiety, shyness and perceived social self-efficacy in college students (Disertación doctoral. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Disponible en ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis. (UMI Number: 3097295).
Beamish, P. (2005). Introduction to the Special Section - Severe and persistent mental illness on college campuses: considerations for service provision. Journal of College Counseling, 8(2), 138-139. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2005.tb00080.x
Bishop, J. B. (2006). College and university counseling centers: Question in search of answers. Journal of College Counseling, 9(1), 6-19.
Bolsoni-Silva & Loureiro, S. R. (2014). The role of social skill in social anxiety of university students. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 24(58), 223-232. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272458201410
Brook, C. A. & Willoughby, T. (2015). The social ties that bind: Social anxiety and academic achievement across the university years. Journal Youth Adolescence, 44(5), 1139-1152. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0262-8
Bryant, B. & Trower, P. E. (1974). Social difficulty in a student sample. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 44(1), 13-21. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1974.tb00761.x
Caéz, K. L., Sayers, S. K. & Martínez-Taboas, A. (2013). Validación del Instrumento de Fobia Social (IFS) en una muestra de personas con trastorno de ansiedad social en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 24(2), 1-11.
Campbell, C., Bierman, K. & Molenaar, P. (2016). Individual day to day process of social anxiety college students. Applied Development Science, 20(1), 1-15. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2015.1026594
Connor, K. M., Davidson, J., Sutherland, S. & Weisler, R. (1999). Social phobia: Issues in assessment and management. Epilepsia, 40(6), 560-565. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00935.x
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publication.
Curtis, R. C., Kimball, A. & Stroup, E. L. (2004). Understanding and treating social phobia. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(1), 3-9. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00279.x
Dailey, S., Gill, C., Karl, S. L. & Barrio-Minton, C. (2014). DSM-5: Learning companion for counselors. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Díaz, C. (2015). Ansiedad y fobia social: Causas y tratamiento [Suplemento de psiquiatría]. Galenus, 23(2). Recuperado de http://www.galenusrevista.com/?Ansiedad-y-fobia-social-Causas-y
García-López, L. J. (2000). Un estudio de la eficacia entre tres modalidades de tratamiento para la población adolescente con fobia social (Disertación doctoral). Universidad de Murcia, España. Recuperado de http://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/11007/GarciaLopez.pdf?sequence
García-López, L. J., Salvador, M. & De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Assessment of social anxiety in adolescents. En K. Ranta, A. M. La Greca, L. J. Garcia-Lopez & M. Marttuenen (Eds.), Social anxiety and phobia in adolescents: Development, manifestation and intervention strategies (121-150). Suiza: Springer International Publishing. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_6
Ghezelbash, S., Rahmani, F., Peyrovi, H. & Inaloo, M. (2015). Social anxiety in nursing students of Teheran University of Medical Sciences. Research and Development in Medical Education, 4(1), 85-90. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.15171/rdme.2015.014
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández, C. & Baptista, P. (2015). Metodología de la investigación (6a. ed.). México: McGraw-Hill.
Ivey, A. E., Bradford, M. & Zalaquett, C. P. (2014). Intentional interviewing and counseling: Facilitating client development in multicultural society (8a. ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Jiménez-Chafey, M. I., Serra, J. & Irizarry-Robles, C. (2013). University mental health professionals in Puerto Rico: Suicide experiences, attitudes, practices and intervention skill. Journal of College Students Psychotherapy, 27(3), 238-253. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2013.798225
King, J. (2014). Assessment and diagnosis of anxiety, somatic symptom and related disorders. Counseling Today, 56(12), 12-15.
Lampe, L. A. (2000). Social phobia: A review of recent research trends. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 13(2), 149-155.
Leigh, E. & Clark, D. M. (2015). Cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A development case series. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(1), 1-17. Recuperado de https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1352465815000715
Lorenzano, C. (2004). La estructura del conocimiento práctico. Revista de Filosofía, 29(2), 40-61. Recuperado de http://www.academia.edu/4427571/La_estructura_del_conocimiento_practico
Martínez-Taboas, A. & Bernal, G. (2014). Estudio de casos clínicos (Eds.). San Juan, PR: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Melgar, R. (2010). Gnoseología, teoría del conocimiento. Recuperado de http://www.librosoterico.com/biblioteca/metafisica/GNOSEOLOGIA.pdf
Morales, E. (2011). La ansiedad social en el ámbito universitario. Revista Griot. 4(1), 35-48. Recuperado de http://revistas.upr.edu/index.php/griot/article/download/1870/1662
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, NCCMH. (2013). Social anxiety disorder: Recognition, assessment and treatment. National Clinical Guideline Number 159. Leicester, GB: The British Psychological Society & The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK266258/
Nordstrom, A. H., Swenson, L. M. & Heister, M. (2014). The effect of social anxiety and self-esteem on college adjustment, academics, and retention. Journal of College Counseling, 17(1), 48-63. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2014.00047.x
Olivares, J. (2011). Catorce años de intervención en adolescentes con fobia social (1997-2011). Información Psicológica, 102, 90-109.
Olivares, J., Caballo, V., García-López, L. J., Rosa-Alcázar, A. & López-Gillonet, C. (2003). Una revisión de los estudios epistemológicos sobre fobia social en la población infantil, adolescente y adulta. Psicología Conductual, 11(3), 405-427. Recuperado de http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266339869
Olivares, J., Olivares, P., Rosa-Alcázar, A. (2012). Ventajas de la detección temprana como estrategia para tratar la fobia social. Recuperado de http://www.infocop.es/view_article.asp?id=4006&cat=38
Padilla Rodríguez, D. (2009). Estudio de las funciones que llevan a cabo los consejeros profesionales del nivel secundario del Departamento de Educación de Puerto Rico (Tesis de maestría inédita). Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Purdon, C., Antony, M., Monteiro, S. & Swinson, R. P. (2001). Social anxiety in college students. Anxiety Disorders, 15(3), 203-215. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(01)00059-7
Quiñones, A. (2013). Encuesta de necesidades de consejeros profesionales post-secundarios. Recuperado de http://es.surveymonkey.com/s/TLBP23H
Sandín, B. (1997). Ansiedad, miedos y fobias en niños y adolescentes. Madrid, España: Editoral Dykinson.
Santiago, E. (2008). Validación de un modelo de capacitación sobre el conocimiento, las actitudes y las destrezas de los consejeros(as) profesionales escolares del nivel secundario en la prevención de comportamiento de alto riesgo suicida en adolescentes. (Disertación doctoral inédita). Universidad Interamericana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Serra, J. (2010). Aspectos psicosociales y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Cuaderno de Investigación en la Educación, 25, 75-89.
Sharkin, B. & Coulter, L. (2005). Empirically supporting the increasing severity of college counseling center client problems: Why is so challenging? Journal of College Counseling, 8(2), 165-171. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2005.tb00083.x
Strahan, E. Y. (2003). The effect of social anxiety and social skill on academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(2), 347-366. Disponible en https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00049-1
Strohmer, D., Biggs, D., Haase, R. & Purcell, M. (1983). Training counselor to work with disabled clients: Cognitive and affective components. Counselor Education & Supervision, 23(2), 132-139.
Tosevki, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P. & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(1), 48-52. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625
Vassipoulos, S. & Brouzo, A. (2012). A pilot person-centered group counseling for university students: Effect on social anxiety and self-esteem. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 9(3), 222-239. Disponible en https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236659566_A_pilot_person-centred_group_counselling_for_university_students_Effects_on_social_anxiety_and_self-esteem
Walker, J. R. & Stein, M. B. (1995). Epidemiology. En M. B. Stein (Ed.), Social phobia: Clinical and research perspectives (pp. 43-75). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Watson, J. C. (2013a). Rethinking the provision of counseling services: A paradigm shift for college counselors [Editorial]. Journal of College Counseling, 16(1), 3-5. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2013.00022.x
Watson, J. C. (2013b). The changing face of college counseling: New services for a new campus population [Editorial]. Journal of College Counseling, 16(2), 99-101. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2013.00029.x
Witteman, C., Weiss, D. J. & Metzmaeher, M. (2012). Assessing diagnosis expertise of counselor using the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau (CWS) Index. Journal of Counseling and Development, 90, 30-34. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00005.x
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