Abstract
Psychological well-being is defined as the development of capabilities and personal growth, where the individual shows indicators of positive functioning (Díaz, et al., 2006). Ryff (1989) defined six dimensions to assess the positive-negative continuous of psychological well-being of a person. This is a multidimensional approach that gave greater emphasis to the positive functioning, the person‘s capacities and growth development (Díaz, et al., 2006). In college students, the psychological well-being may be a determining factor for academic success. Therefore, counseling and mental health services must be in accordance with student‘s needs. Collaboration between the psychological service centers and the university administration is the key to promoting health (Díaz, et al., 2006). This is because those centers, contribute to the institutional mission of providing services that will improve the physical and mental health of the students (Schwitzer, 2008). In this article, we will discuss Ryff‘s (1989) multidimensional model, which includes the six dimensions of psychological well-being. Finally, we include some recommendations to address the dimension into counseling or psychotherapy process with college students.
References
Bowman, N. A. (2010). The development of psychological well-being among first-year college students. Journal of College Student Development, 51(2), 180-200.
Caycedo-Espinel, C., Ballesteros-De Valderrama, B., & Novoa-Gómez, M. (2008). Análisis de un protocolo de formulación de caso clínico desde las categorías de bienestar psicológico. Universitas Psychologica 7(1), 231-250.
Cornejo, M., & Lucero, M. C. (2006). Preocupaciones vitales en estudiantes universitarios relacionado con bienestar psicológico y modalidades de afrontamiento. Fundamentos en Humanidades(12), 143-153.
Cuadra, H., & Florenzano, R. (2003). El bienestar subjetivo: Hacia una psicología positiva Revista de Psicología de la Universidad de Chile, 12(1), 83-96.
Diaz, D., Rodriguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jimenez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C., & Van Dierendonck, D. (2006). Adaptación española de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema, 18(3), 572-577.
Diener, E., Syuh, E., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.95.3.542
Gianakos, I. (2002). Predictors of coping with work stress: The influences of sex, gender roles, social desirability, and other locus of control Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 46(5/6), 149-158
Giménez Hernández, M. (2005). Optimismo y pesimismo: variables asociadas en el contexto escolar. Pulso, 28, 9-23.
Hudd, S. S., Dumlao, J., Erdmann-Sager, D., Murray, D., Phan, E., Soukas, N., & Yokozuka, N. (2000). Stress at college: Effects on health habits, health status and self-esteem. College Student Journal, 34(2), 217-228. doi:10.1037/a0018745
Kadison, R. (2006). College psychiatry 2006: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of American College Health, 54(6), 338-340. doi:10.3200/JACH.54.6.338-340
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.1007.
Marsico, M., & Getch, Y. Q. (2009). Transitioning Hispanic seniors from high school to college. Professional School Counseling, 12(6), 458-462. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2010-12.458
Millon, T., Strack, S., & Millon-Niedbala, C. M. (2008). Using the Millon College Counseling Inventory to assess student mental health needs. Journal of College Counseling, 11(2), 159-172. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2008.tb00032.x
Oramas Viera, A., Santana López, S., & Vergara Barrenechea, A. (2006). El bienestar psicológico: Un indicador positivo de la salud mental. Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo, 7(1-2), 34-39.
Reynolds, A., & Chris, S. (2008). Improving practice through outcomes based planning and assessment: A counseling center case study. Journal of College Student Development, 48(4), 374-387.
Rosenthal, B., & Wilson, C. (2008). Mental health services: Use and disparity among diverse college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(1), 61-67. doi:10.3200/JACH.57.1.61-68
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness Is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.1069
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1-28. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0901_1
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A Eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13-39. doi: 10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
Schwartz, S. E. O., & Petersen, S. B. (2008). A new developmentalist role: Connecting youth development, mental health, and education. New Directions for Youth Development, 2008(120), 57-77. doi:10.1002/yd.285
Schwitzer, A. M. (2008). College Student Health, Mental Health, and Well-Being. Journal of College Counseling, 11(2), -100. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2008.tb00027.x
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.5
Simons, C. (2002). Coping resources availability and level of perceived stress as predictors of life satisfaction in a cohort of Turkish college students. College Student Journal, 36(1), 129-141
Smith, T., & Renk, K. (2007). Predictors of academic-related stress in college students: An examination of coping, social support, parenting, and anxiety. NASPA Journal (National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, Inc.), 44(3), 405-431.
Smith, W., & Zhang, P. (2009). Students' perceptions and experiences with key factors during the transition from high school to college. College Student Journal, 43(2), 643-657. doi:10.1002/tl.456
Vázquez, F. L., & Blanco, V. (2008). Prevalence of DSM-IV major depression among Spanish university students. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 173-181. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31821cd29c
Yorgason, J. B., Linville, D., & Zitzman, B. (2008). Mental health among college students: Do those who need services know about and use them? Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 173-181. doi:10.3200/JACH.57.2.173-182
Derechos de autor: La Revista Griot no reserva los derechos de publicación de los artículos. Los autores podrán distribuir su propio material en cualquier otro medio, siempre y cuando sea sin fines comerciales, informando a la Junta Editora de la Revista Griot que el trabajo será publicado nuevamente y dando el crédito correspondiente a la Revista Griot. La publicación de la Revista Griot por su carácter gratuito no da derecho a remuneración económica alguna a los autores. Los lectores podrán reproducir y distribuir los artículos o colaboraciones de la Revista Griot siempre que sea sin fines comerciales, no se les hagan alteraciones al contenido y se cite su origen con información completa: nombre del autor, año, Revista Griot, volumen, número y página.
Relevo de responsabilidades: La Junta Editora de la Revista Griot, la Junta Asesora y la Universidad de Puerto Rico no se hacen responsables de las ideas y opiniones expresadas por los autores de los artículos o colaboraciones. Tampoco tiene control ni se hace responsable de los enlaces e hipertextos que en algunos artículos, posibiliten el acceso a prestaciones y servicios ofrecidos por terceros.
