Palabras clave
Estados Unidos
leyes de cabotaje
territorio
Organización Mundial del Comercio
Cómo citar
Resumen
El objetivo de este ensayo es evaluar el poder gubernamental y auto regulatorio de Puerto Rico, en relación con las leyes de cabotaje y su relación con Estados Unidos. Se estudia la historia de Puerto Rico con Estados Unidos, ciertas leyes y jurisprudencia, así como la responsabilidad de Estados Unidos y la Organización Mundial del Comercio. Se concluye que, aunque Puerto Rico goza de ciertos atributos de soberanía, sigue siendo un territorio bajo el control del Congreso de Estados Unidos.Citas
Balzac v. Porto Rico, 258 U.S. 298 (1922).
Canino Arroyo, M. J. (2015). Jones Act 1920 cabotage laws. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/19673720/NY_Presentation_on_the_US_Cabotage_Laws_1920.
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. Franklin California Tax Free, U.S. 15-233 (2016).
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. Sánchez Valle, U.S. 15-108 (2016).
Dietz, J. (1987). Economic history of P.R.: institutional change and capitalist development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).
Federal Relations Act, 81 P.L. 600, 64 Stat. 319, 81 Cong. Ch. 446 (1950).
Foraker Act, P.L. 56–191, 31 Stat. 77, 56 Cong. Ch. 191 (1900). Retrieved from http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/con00152.pdf
Government Accountability Office.(1997). U.S. insular areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf
Government Accountability Office. (2013). Puerto Rico: Character-istics of the island‘s maritime trade and potential effects of modifying the Jones Act. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/653046.pdf
Hamilton, M. S. (2002). Negotiating port access: The Sino-U.S. opportunity for leadership in the maritime transport services industry. Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal, 3(1), 153-181.
Jones Act, 66 P.L. 261, 41 Stat. 988, 66 Cong. Ch. 250 (1917).
Jones, W. (1921). The Merchant Marine Act of 1920. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York, 9(2), 89-98. doi:10.2307/1171831. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/1171831seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Lazarus, O., & Ukepere W. (2011). A strategic reposition of the maritime industry for economic recovery and sustainability: The Cabotage Act. African Journal of Business Management, 5(14), 5658-5663.
Liu, C. (2009). Maritime transport services in the law of the sea and the World Trade Organization (Vol. 14). Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.
Magee, K. (2002). U.S. cabotage laws: Protective or damaging? A strategy to improves cruise vessel competitiveness and traffic to U.S. ports. (Doctoral dissertation). Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California.
McGeorge, R. (1990). United States coastwise trading restrictions: A comparison of recent customs service rulings with the legislative purpose of the Jones Act and the demands of a global economy. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 11(62), 62-86.
Neuman, G., & Brown-Nagin, T. (2015). Reconsidering the insular cases: The American empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Oyedemi, W. O. (2011).Cabotage regulations and the challenges of outer continental shelf development in the United States. Houston Journal of International Law,34(3), 607-651.
Public Law 447, 82 P.L. 447, 66 Stat. 327, 82 Cong. Ch. 567 (1952).
Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA), H.R. 5278, S. 2328 (2016).
Slattery, B., Riley, B., & Loris, N. D. (2014). Sink the Jones Act: Re-storing America‘s competitive advantage in maritime-related indus-tries. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/05/sink-the-jones-act-restoring-americas-compet-itive-advantage-in-maritime-related-industries
The United Nations General Assembly. (1966). International covenant on civil and political rights. Treaty Series, 999, 171.
The United Nations General Assembly. (1953). Cessation of the transmission of information under Article 73 of the Charter in respect of Puerto Rico. Resolution 748. Retrieved from http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGA/1953/51.pdf
The United Nations General Assembly. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html
Torruella, J. R. (1985). The Supreme Court and Puerto Rico: The doctrine of separate and unequal. Río Piedras, PR: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico.
Torruella, J. R. (2007). The Insular Cases: The establishment of a regime of political apartheid. Journal of International Law, 29(2), 284-347.Treaty of Paris, 30 Stat. 1754 (1899). Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-es-ust000011-0615.pdf
Trías Monge, J. (1999). Puerto Rico: The trials of the oldest colony of the world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Valentín-Mari, J., & Alameda-Lozada, J. I. (2012). Economic impact of the Jones Act on P.R.‘s economy. Retrieved from http://docplayer.net/494027-Economic-impact-of-jones-act-on-puerto-rico-s-economy.html
Van Grasstek, C. (2013). The history and future of the World Trade Organization.Geneva, Switzerland: World Trade Organization. Retrieved from http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/historywto_02_e.pdf
World Trade Organization. (2014). Trade Policy Review. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/s307_e.pdf
World Trade Organization. (2011). United States–Former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Report of the Government of the United States for the year 2010 under the decision of 27 July 2007. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/Profesor/Downloads/816%20(2).pdf
World Trade Organization. (1994). Agreement. 1867 UNTS 154; 33 ILM 114. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/agrmntseries1_wto_e.pdf
Al someter una colaboración a la consideración de la Junta Editora de Fórum Empresarial, los autores aseguran que el trabajo enviado es original e inédito, que no ha sido ni será enviado simultáneamente a otra revista para su consideración y publicación, que son responsables del trabajo realizado y del contenido del artículo, y que tienen los derechos de autor correspondientes.
Los autores ceden a Fórum Empresarial los derechos patrimoniaes para la primera publicación de su obra, en cualquier medio y formato físico y electrónico, incluido internet. Su publicación estará sujeta a la Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, que permite a terceros compartir la obra, siempre que se indique su autor y Fórum Empresarial como primera publicación.
La revista permite a los autores mantener los derechos de publicación sin restricciones. Los autores podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (por ejemplo, depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico), siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en Fórum Empresarial.