Abstract
Based on the assets model, this study was carried out, which had two objectives: 1) to analyze whether high school students who have not consumed alcohol or tobacco have more internal and external assets compared to those who have already consumed either of the two substances and 2) know the strengths that increase the probability of not consuming any of the two substances. A sample of 2405 students from public secondary schools in Mexico City (40.6%) and the city of Culiacán (59.4%), men (48.2%) and women (51.8%) with an average age of 13.6 years (SD= 1.03) participated. The revised version of the scale of internal and external assets for adolescents (FIE-AR) was used. The results showed that young people who have never consumed alcohol and / or tobacco have significantly higher scores in internal and external assets compared to those who have consumed one or both substances. The assets that increase the probability that young people do not consume either of the two substances were: the importance for young people to avoid risk behaviors, the appropriate expression of anger, not having friends with risky behaviors and not having access to the drugs. These results are useful for designing health promotion programs based on assets.
References
Adams, B. G., Wiium, N., & Abubakar, A. (2019). Developmental assets and academic performance of adolescents in Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. Child and Youth Care Forum, 48, 207-222. https://10.1007/s10566-018-9480-z
Andrade, P. P., Betancourt, O. D., Moreno, C. N. D., & Alvis, R. A. (2017). Fortalezas externas desde el modelo de desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes y consumo de sustancias en una muestra de adolescentes mexicanos y colombianos. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 35(3), 515-529. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.4095
Andrade, P. & Sánchez-Xicotencatl, C. O. (2018). Fortalezas protectoras del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. En: P. Andrade (Coord.), Fortalezas de los adolescentes. México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Andrade, P., Sánchez-Xicotencatl, C. O., Morales, N. E., González-González, A., & Betancourt, D. (2015). Fortalezas externas y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Psicología Iberoamericana, 23(2), 27-35.
Benson, P. L. (2002). Adolescent development in social and community context: A program of research. New Directions for Youth Development, 95, 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.19
Benson, P. L. (2007). Developmental assets: An overview of theory, research, and practice. En: R. K. Silbereisen & R. M. Lerner (Eds.). Approaches to Positive Youth Development (pp. 33-58). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446213803.n2
Benson, P. L., Mannes, M., Pittman, K., & Ferber, T. (2004). Youth development, developmental assets, and public policy. En: R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (pp. 781-814). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Betancourt, O. D., Andrade, P. P., & Marin, M. A. (2019). Análisis psicométrico de la versión revisada de la escala de fortalezas internas y externas para adolescentes (FIE-AR). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 10(1), 20-39. https//doi.org/10.21501/22161201.3058
Bleck, J. & DeBate, R. (2015). Long-Term association between developmental assets and health behaviors: An exploratory study. Health Education & Behavior, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198115606915
Bonell, C., Hinds, K., Dickson, K., Thomas, J., Fletcher, A., Murphy, S., … & Campbell, R. (2016). What is positive youth development and how might it reduce substance use and violence? A systematic review and synthesis of theoretical literature. BMC Public Health, 16, 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2817-3
Chun, J. & Chung, I. (2013). Gender differences in factors influencing smoking, drinking, and their co-occurrence among adolescents in South Korea. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(2), 542-551. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nts181
Damon, W. (2004). What is positive youth development? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203260092
Dunn, M. S., Kitts, C., Lewis, S., Goodrow, B., & Scherzer, G. D. (2011). Effects of youth assets on adolescent alcohol, tobacco, marijuana use, and sexual behavior. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 55(3), 23-40.
Frías, M. & Barrios, M. I. (2016). Recursos que contribuyen al desarrollo positivo en jóvenes. Escritos de Psicologia, 9(3), 37-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2016.2911
Gaspar de Matos, M., Santos, T., Reis, M., & Marques, A. (2018). Positive youth development in Portugal: Interaction with psychosocial variables. Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1005. https://dx.doi.org/10.33582/2637-8027/1005
Gomez-Baya, D., Santos, T., & Gaspar de Matos, M. (2021). Developmental assets and positive youth development: An examination of gender differences in Spain. Applied Developmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2021.1906676
Greene, K. M., Eitle, D., & McNulty, T. (2018). Developmental assets and risky sexual behaviors among American Indian youth. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(1), 50-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615596427
Haegerich, T. M., Shults, R. A., Oman, R. F., & Vesely, S. K. (2016). The predictive influence of youth assets on drinking and driving behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 37(3), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-016-0418-7
Issa, S., Froshaug Rossland, M., & Wiim, N. (2020). Risk behaviors among young people: The role of developmental assets. Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 10, 31-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/erebea.v10i0.4959
Kelly, A. B., Chan, G. C. K., Toumbourou, J. W., O´Flaherty, M., Homel, R., Patton, G. C., & Williams, J. (2012). Very young adolescents and alcohol: Evidence of a unique susceptibility to peer alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 37(4), 414-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.038
Leffert, N., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Sharma, A. R., Drake, D. R., & Blyth, D. A. (1998). Developmental assets: measurement and prediction of risk behaviors among adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 2(4), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0204_4
Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Gestsdottir, S., Naudeau, S., … & Smith, L. M. (2005). Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth grade adolescents: Findings from the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 17-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604272461
Lerner, R. M., Tirrell, J. M., Dowling, E. M., Geldhof, G. J., Gestdóttir, S., Lerner, J. V., … & Sim, A. T. R. (2019). The end of the beginning: Evidence and absences studying positive youth development in a global context. Adolescent Research Review, 4(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s40894-018-0093-4
Lerner, R. M., Jervis, P., & Bornstein, M. H. (2021). Enhancing the international study of positive youth development: Process, specificity, and the sample case of character virtues. Journal of Youth Development, 16(2-3), 402-422. https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2021.1042
Manrique-Millones, D., Wiium, N., Pineda-Marín, C., Fernández_Arata, M., Alfonso-Murcia, D., López-Martínez, J. L., & Millones-Rivalles, R. (2021). Association between substance use behaviors, developmental assets, and mental health: A glance at Latin American young college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.639578
Oman, R. F., Vesely, S. K., Aspy, C. B., McLeroy, K. R., Rodine, S., & Marshall, L. (2004). The potential protective effect of youth assets on adolescent alcohol and drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 94(8), 1425-1430. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.8.1425
Paakari, L., Torppa, M., Välimaa, R., Villberg, J., Ojala, K. & Tynjälä, J. (2019). Health assets profiles and health indicators among 13- and 15-year-old adolescents. International Journal of Public Health, 64, 1301-1311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01280-7
Pashak, T. J., Handal, P. J., & Scales, P. C. (2018). Protective factors for the college years: Establishing the appropriateness of the developmental assets model for emerging adults. Current Psychology, 37, 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9488-1
Qi, S., Hua, F., Zhou, Z., & Shek, D. T. L. (2021). Trends of positive youth development publications (1995-2020): A scientometric review. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09878-3
Reséndiz, E. E., Bustos, G. M. N., Mujica-Salazar, R., Soto, H. I. S., Cañas, M. V., Fleiz, B. C., … & Villatoro, V. J. A. (2018). National trends in alcohol consumption in Mexico: results of the National Survey on Drug, Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption 2016-2017. Salud Mental, 41(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2018.003
Scales, P. C. (1999). Reducing risk and building developmental assets: essential actions for promoting adolescent health. Journal of School Health, 69(13), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1999.tb07219.x
Shek, D. T. L., Dou, D., Zhu, X., & Chai, W. (2019). Positive youth development: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 10, 131-141. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S179946
Soares, A., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Silva, I. (2018). Recursos do desenvolvimento na adolescência -Revisao Integrativa. Ciencias Psicológicas, 12(1), 45-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i1.1594
Trucco, E., Colder, C., & Wieczorek, W. (2011). Vulnerability to Peer Influence: A Moderated Mediation Study of Early Adolescent Alcohol Use Initiation. Addictive Behaviors, 36(7), 729–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.02.008
Villatoro, J., Medina-Mora, M. E., Martín del Campo, R., Fregoso, D., Bustos, M., Resendiz, E., … & Cañas, M. V. (2016). El consumo de drogas en estudiantes de México: tendencias y magnitud del problema. Salud Mental, 39(4), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.023
Wiium, N., Beck, M., & Ferrer-Wreder, L. (2021). The importance of developmental assets to mental health in Norwegian youth. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 687537. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687537
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Psicologías