Keywords
ethics
digital transformation
access to information
privacy protection
library policies
\innovative practices
How to Cite
Abstract
In the context of the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and its application in various fields, including libraries, the need arises to address the ethical and privacy implications that information professionals must ensure to use these technologies according to the values of libraries. Digital transformation has led to greater reliance on computerization, metadata analysis, and automation, raising fundamental ethical concerns about privacy and the responsible use of data. This study focused on exploring how Caribbean libraries are adapting their practices and policies to address the ethical and privacy challenges associated with the use of AI. The research examined how the risks of these technologies are analyzed, aiming to provide strategies to mitigate the ethical issues related to their use through the development of policies, innovative practices, and collaborations among information professionals. Initiatives to train library staff and educate users on the risks and benefits of AI were also explored. To support this content analysis, a review of recent literature was conducted, including case studies from the past five years and relevant policy documents related to AI, its use in libraries, and the ethical and privacy implications it requires. Recommendations from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, as well as UNESCO guidelines on AI ethics, were highlighted. Additionally, the specific challenges faced by Caribbean libraries in terms of limited resources and cultural diversity were examined. The study identified key areas for future research and policy development. It also emphasized the need for collaborative approaches at the regional level to promote ethical standards within the Caribbean library community. The importance of a proactive, user-centered approach was stressed to ensure that libraries continue to fulfill their role as trusted and leading institutions in the era of AI.
References
African Union. (2024). Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy Harnessing AI for Africa’s Development and Prosperity. https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/44004-doc-EN-_Continental_AI_Strategy_July_2024.pdf
Ajakaye, J. E. (2022). Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries. In I. Ekoja, E. Ogbomo, & O. Okuonghae (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Emerging Trends and Technologies in Librarianship (pp. 73-90). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9094-2.ch006
Ángeles Chero, Pedro. (2019). La era de la inteligencia artificial. 10.13140/RG.2.2.20638.69444. Consejo de la Unión Europea. (2024). Inteligencia artificial. Consejo Europeo. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/es/policies/artificial-intelligence/
Ayina, D. (2020). Inteligencia artificial, una palanca de desarrollo humano integral en África: oportunidades y desafíos éticos y antropológicos. Tesina de Licenciatura (máster) en Teología Moral y Pastoral. Madrid, España: Universidad Pontificia de Comillas. Recuperado de: https://repositorio.comillas.edu/jspui/bitstream/11531/48122/1/DEA001239.pdf.
Barfield, W. (2018). Towards a law of artificial intelligence. In W. Barfield, & U. Pagallo. (Eds.). Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence (pp. 2-39). Elgaronline. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786439055.00011
Benhamou, S. (2022). La transformación del trabajo y el empleo en la era de la inteligencia artificial: análisis, ejemplos e interrogantes. Documentos de Proyectos (LC/TS.2022/85), Santiago, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/586b344a-0dac-497c-9290-f8eb1a00221f/content
Benson, O. V., Oduagwu, E. A., & Orisakwe, K. (2023). Artificial intelligence and library practice in developing countries: A call for realistic partnership and sustainable collaboration. The Information Technologist, 20(2), 117-126. https://https://research.ebsco.com/c/vzwdpy/viewer/pdf/bepjyha3fn
Bernhardt, M. (2023). AI’s increasingly important role in L&D. The Learning Guild. https://www.learningguild.com/content/7059/ais-increasingly-important-role-in-ld/
Brathwaite, C. (2020). Inteligencia artificial y el Caribe: Documento de debate sobre aplicaciones (potenciales) y consideraciones éticas. En C. Aguerre, (Ed.). Inteligencia artificial en América Latina y el Caribe. Ética, gobernanza y políticas. CETyS Universidad de San Andrés. https://proyectoguia.lat/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/compilado-espanol-compressed.pdf
Castaño, D. (2020). La gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial en América Latina: Entre la regulación estatal, la privacidad y la ética digital. En C. Aguerre, (Ed.). Inteligencia artificial en América Latina y el Caribe. Ética, gobernanza y políticas. CETyS Universidad de San Andrés. https://proyectoguia.lat/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/compilado-espanol-compressed.pdf
Chapurro, R. (2005). Ética de la información. Un intento de ubicación. En Temesio Vizoso, S. G. (2022). Reflexiones sobre la inteligencia artificial y la bibliotecología. Palabra Clave (La Plata), 11(2), e159. https://doi.org/10.24215/18539912e159
Cox, A. (2022). The ethics of AI for information professionals: Eight scenarios. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 71(3), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2022.2084885
Duncan, A. S. P. (2022), The intelligent academic library: Review of AI projects & potential for Caribbean libraries, Library Hi Tech News, 39(5), 12-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-01-2022-0014
Fajardo de Andara, C. Y. (2021). Marvin Lee Minsky: Pionero en la investigación de la inteligencia artificial (1927-2016). Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología, 15(1), 41-50. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/revista/16727/A/2021
Ganascia, J.-G. (2018). Inteligencia artificial: Entre el mito y la realidad. El Correo de la UNESCO, (3), 7-9. https://courier.unesco.org/es/articles/inteligencia-artificial-entre-el-mito-y-la-realidad
Gasparini, A. A., & Kautonen, H. (2022). Understanding artificial intelligence in research libraries: An extensive literature review. Liber Quarterly, 32, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.53377/lq.10934
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence. (2020). Future of Work Working Group Report. https://gpai.ai/projects/future-of-work/gpai-future-of-work-wg-report-november-2020.pdf
Gunter, H. (12 de febrero de 2024). AI challenges for librarians. Research Information. https://www.researchinformation.info/analysis-opinion/ai-challenges-librarians
Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61(4), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619864925
Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior; a neuropsychological theory. Wiley.
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Special Interest Group. https://www.ifla.org/es/units/ai/
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2020). IFLA Statement on Libraries and Artificial Intelligence. https://repository.ifla.org/handle/123456789/1646
Jiménez Terrazas, C. P., Castillo Luna, E., Rincón Zuluaga, J. M., & García, J. M. (2023). Emprendimiento tecnológico en AL: Debilidades, actores y caso de estudio del Centro de Inteligencia Artificial - IA. Center, Chihuahua. Telos: Revista Científica Arbitrada, 25(3), 926–943. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos253.22
Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What Is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-16). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727
McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 52(1/2), 99-115. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~./epxing/Class/10715/reading/McCulloch.and.Pitts.pdf
Newell A. & Simon, H. (1956). The logic theory machine--A complex information processing system. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2 (3), pp. 61-79. doi: 10.1109/TIT.1956.1056797.
OECD/CAF. (2022). Uso estratégico y responsable de la inteligencia artificial en el sector público de América Latina y el Caribe, Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública. OECD Publishing, París. https://doi.org/10.1787/5b189cb4-es
Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual. (2022). Informe mundial sobre la propiedad intelectual 2022: La dirección de la innovación. Ginebra: OMPI. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/es/wipo-pub-944-2022-es-world-intellectual-property-report-2022-the-direction-of-innovation.pdf
Salami, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the future of international relations. Institute for Political and International Studies. https://www.ipis.ir/en/newsview/722508/artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-international-relations
Smith, C., McGuire, B., Huang, T., & Yang, G. (2006). The History of Artificial Intelligence. CSEP 590A, History of Computing, University of Washington. https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf
Silver, D., Schrittwieser, J., Simonyan, K., Antonoglou, I., Huang, A., Guez, A., Hubert, T., baker, L., Lai, M., Bolton, A., Chen, Y., Lillicrap, T.P., Hui, F., Sifre, L., van den Driessche, G., Graepel, T., & Hassabis, D. (2017). Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge. Nature, 550, 354-359. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mastering-the-game-of-Go-without-human-knowledge-Silver-Schrittwieser/c27db32efa8137cbf654902f8f728f338e55cd1c
Temesio Vizoso, S. G. (2022). Reflexiones sobre la inteligencia artificial y la bibliotecología. Palabra Clave (La Plata), 11(2), e159. https://doi.org/10.24215/18539912e159
Tzimas, T. (2021). Legal and ethical challenges of artificial intelligence from an international law perspective. Springer. https://viewer.ebscohost.com/EbscoViewerService/ebook?an=2986067&callbackUrl=https%3a%2f%2fresearch.ebsco.com&db=nlebk&format=EB&profId=eds&lpid=&ppid=&lang=en&location=https%3a%2f%2fresearch.ebsco.com%2fc%2fvzwdpy%2fsearch%2fdetails%2flmcgu6glvz&isPLink=False&requestContext=&profileIdentifier=vzwdpy&recordId=lmcgu6glvz
UNESCO. (13 de mayo de 2024). UNESCO supports Arab States in developing AI competencies for students and teachers. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-supports-arab-states-developing-ai-competencies-students-and-teachers
UNESCO. (20 de abril de 2023). Nuevo informe de la UNESCO sobre Inteligencia Artificial e Igualdad de Género. https://www.unesco.org/es/articles/nuevo-informe-de-la-unesco-sobre-inteligencia-artificial-e-igualdad-de-genero
UNESCO. (2023). Oportunidades y desafíos de la era de la inteligencia artificial para la educación superior. Una introducción para los actores de la educación superior. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386670_spa
UNESCO. (2022). Ámbito de aplicación. Recomendación sobre la ética de la inteligencia artificial. Adoptada el 23 de noviembre de 2021. pp. 9-12. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137_spa
UNESCO. (2021). Caribbean AI Policy Roadmap. https://ai4caribbean.com/wpcontent/uploads/2021/07/Caribbean-Artificial-Intelligence-Policy-Roadmap.pdf
UNESCO. (11 de marzo de 2020). La UNESCO designa un grupo de expertos internacionales para redactar una recomendación global sobre la ética de la Inteligencia Artificial. https://www.unesco.org/es/articles/la-unesco-designa-un-grupo-de-expertos-internacionales-para-redactar-una-recomendacion-global-sobre
UNESCO. (2020). Documento final: Primera versión del proyecto de recomendación sobre la ética de la inteligencia artificial. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373434_spa
UNESCO/UNEVOC. (2021). Understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on skills development. https://unevoc.unesco.org/pub/understanding_the_impact_of_ai_on_skills_development.pdf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rosángela Rodríguez, Jaime Rodríguez Alicea