Los ciclos de la vida política democrática: hacia una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre la política y la administración pública
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Keywords

Public Policy/Política Pública

How to Cite

Rivera Ortiz, Ángel I., & Santana Rabell, L. (2015). Los ciclos de la vida política democrática: hacia una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre la política y la administración pública. Revista De Administración Pública, 41(2), 149–198. Retrieved from https://revistas.upr.edu/index.php/ap/article/view/306

Abstract

This article pesents a conceptual approach which amplifies the focus of attention of the traditional heuristic scheme of public policy cycles with the purpose of conveying a better understanding of the complexities of iterrelations between politics and public administration in contemporary democracies. Traditional analysis of public policy stages usually ignores what has occured during the period of electoral competition between parties preceding the commencement of a new governmental administration. The authors propose going beyond traditional cycles analysis in order to take into consideration the various interrelations between "strugles for power" processes and those other processes that are more directly involved with governing and with public policy adoption and implementation at the initiation of a new four-year administrative term. An alternative analytical scheme is proposed: focusing on the two main moments of democratic political life. The first moment is that of conflictive political competition between political parties or the "struggle for power" moment. The second moment is then that which occurs in the post-elections period, once a new government has been elected and is about to begin a new administrative governmental cycle. Most appropriately this second moment is the time for governing, and the main focus and priority should be granted to confronting collective problems and issues through the approval and implementation of effective public policies. According to the authors this is also the moment for avoiding serious problems, disruptions and distortions in public policies due to an extended and exaggerated conflictive inter party competition, which though normal and appropiate at elections time is extremely inappropriate and inconvenient at the time of governing and harmful to contemporary democracies. Resumen en español: En este artículo se preseenta un enfoque conceptual más amplio al esquema tradicional del ciclo o las estapas de las políticas públicas con el fin de lograr un mejor entendimiento de las complejas relaciones que existen entre la política y la administración pública en las democracias contemporáneas. En el análisis de las estapas, se suele soslayar lo ocurrido en el proceso que precede a la formación de un nuevo gobierno en el período de la competición electoral entre partidos. Se propone ir más allá en el análisis para considerar las diversas interrelaciones entre los procesos políticos de la lucha por el poder y los que son ya propiamente institucionales de gobierno al iniciarse cada nuevo ejercicio político-administrativo. Se recomienda una propuesta alternativa para el análisis: enfocar en los "dos grandes momentos" de cada ciclo de la vida democrática. El primer momento, que es el de la competición conflictiva entre partidos políticos o "lucha por el poder" y el segundo momento, que acontece una vez elegido el nuevo gobierno para iniciar un nuevo período político-administrativo. Este es justamente el momento de gobernar y la prioridad debiera ser enfrentar las diversas situaciones y problemas colectivos mediante las políticas públicas aprobadas y ejecutadas por los gobiernos sin que una continuada y exagerada conflictividad interpartidista interrumpa o distorsione la apobación y ejecución de las políticas públicas o genere serios problemas de ingobernabilidad.
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