Keywords
School quality
Educational disparity
Academic performance
Puerto Rico
How to Cite
Abstract
Las diferencias en el rendimiento académico entre escuelas pueden ser el resultado de disparidades en: la calidad de la escuela, las características sociodemográficas de los estudiantes o los recursos de la comunidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo medir el efecto de los factores sociodemográficos, comunitarios y escolares en el rendimiento académico promedio por escuela en el sistema público de Puerto Rico. Se mide el efecto de las variables sociodemográficas y comunitarias en el rendimiento académico; se estima el valor agregado de cada escuela después de controlar las variables sociodemográficas y comunitarias; y se identifican los factores escolares que pueden contribuir al valor agregado de cada escuela.
Los resultados indican que los factores sociodemográficos y comunitarios explican más del 60% de la variación observada en el rendimiento académico entre las escuelas secundarias y alrededor de un tercio de la variación entre las escuelas intermedias. El porcentaje de estudiantes por debajo del nivel de pobreza es el predictor más fuerte del rendimiento académico escolar. El porcentaje de estudiantes que se inscriben en el programa de educación especial está asociado con un menor rendimiento académico en la escuela intermedia y superior. También se encontró que el tamaño de la escuela se asocia negativamente con el valor agregado en las escuelas primarias e intermedias, mientras que la calidad de los maestros tiene un efecto positivo y significativo en el valor agregado para todas las escuelas.
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