Abstract
Years ago, the EU States began the implementation of important parametric reforms in the pensions system management, and particularly in the retirement system. Those were required, among other reasons, because of an aging population as well as the baby boom generation‘s arrival to retirement age. In this process of reforms, a consensus has been reached about the importance of keeping older workers active. This is so, that this fact alone is the basis for the effectiveness of retirement reforms and its impact on the sustainability of pensions systems. EU institutions have understood the problem posed by both aspects –employment and pensions— in many areas. For that reason, they decided to act at unison to drive reforms adopting the Open Method of Coordination. In this article, all those aspects related to the pensions reforms and the White Book (UE-2012) are analyzed and discussed. Finally, we reflect on the impact of those recommendations and objectives, specifically on the Spanish Reform Policy. [Keywords: employment policies and pension policies (European Union), OMC, retirement, active aging, retirement reform in Spain, dependency ratios]. Resumen: Desde hace algunos años los Estados de la UE han comenzado a implantar importantes reformas paramétricas en la ordenación de los sistemas de pensiones y singularmente en la jubilación y que vienen exigidas, entre otras razones, por elenvejecimiento de la población y el impacto que provocará en los sistemas de pensiones la llegada de la generación del baby boom. En este proceso reformador, se ha generado un amplio consenso acerca de la transcendencia del mantenimiento del empleo de los trabajadores de mayor edad, hasta tal punto que de ello depende la efectividad de las reformas de la jubilación y su impacto sobre la viabilidad y sostenibilidad de los sistemas de pensiones. Las instituciones de la Unión Europea, no solo han visto con claridad la problemática que plantean ambas materias –empleo y pensiones- y sus importantes efectos en todos los ámbitos, sino que han decidido actuar en paralelo e impulsar las reformas mediante la aplicación del Método Abierto de Coordinación (MAC). Todos estos aspectos son analizados en el trabajo en un espacio temporal que concluye con el Libro Blanco (UE-2012), para finalmente proceder a reflejar la huella de las recomendaciones y objetivos de la UE en la política reformista español. [Palabras clave: políticas de empleo y políticas de pensiones (Unión Europea), método abierto de coordinación, jubilación, envejecimiento activo, reforma de la jubilación en España, tasas de dependencia].Copyright Notice:
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