Abstract
This essay questions Benedict Anderson‘s thesis that denies the historical validity of the nation because it is an imagined artifact. The text also stresses the contrast between the European trademark of the nation and the nation constructed outside of Europe. With the help of the Cuban case —cubanists versus annexationists in the 19th century— it criticizes various generalizations of the concepts of nationalism and identity in the colonial context. It also ask to consider the nation as a problem in need of fresh answers.